Kind of fighter
Figure type chronology of fighter in the world.
The classification of the fighter is enumerated as follows. However, there is a difference in the classification by the age and the performance to which it pays attention.
Air superiority fighter
Refer to “Air superiority fighter” for details.
Securing mastery of the air (air mastery) is made a chief Tsutomu, and it is designed to shoot down the enemy fighter when empty fighting. by the firstIt was named, “Conquest empty fighter” ..old… Many of present air superiority fighters can accomplish not only [seikara] but also the ambush and the ground attack, etc. in general. The typical one is F-15, and Su-27, etc.F-22 of the U.S. Air Force is to mean existence that can suppress not only in the air but also land, and it is called Airlines rule fighter (Air dominance fighter).
Ambush machine
Refer to “Ambush machine” for details.
It is called interceptor fighter and interception (combat) machines and the air defense fighters, etc.It combats [**u] (in the mark outside the Chinese character of using regularly) With the machine. The air defense such as the allied army ground facilities is made a chief Tsutomu, and it is designed to shoot down the enemy bomber and the surveillance plane, etc. that bomb the strategy to the enemy attack machine and the city, etc. that raid ally’s base and fleet. by the firstTo attack the bomber that was more large-scale than the fighter and had the durability, strong arms (machine gun and rocket, etc.) were installed in the thing of [dainijitaisenki].
Because it is necessary to start from the base rapidly at once at the same time as detecting the existence of the enemy plane, a high speed and rising power are requested. Therefore, the powerful engine is installed compared with the size of the airframe. On the other hand, the necessity is low, and there are a lot of airframes that do not assume the attack duty to ground as for the fight, the long distance invasion, and the ground attack, etc. with the enemy fighter. The time performance was valued at most to act by the flying height of the strategic bomber in the [reshipuro] machine age (Because the ability of the reciprocating engine decreased in the upper sky with thin air, the equipment such as the supercharging machines was needed).
The typical one is F-106, MiG-25, MiG-31, and [to-ne-do] ADV, etc.
Escort fighter
The guard such as the ally bombers is made a chief Tsutomu. The thing to guard the ally bomber is from an attack of the enemy fighter to the 1st purpose. It differs from the case of the above-mentioned air superiority fighter to have to guard the bomber that invades the long distance and attacks the enemy city etc. , long large flying ability is requested, and a more large-scale airframe. However, it is the above-mentioned air superiority fighter, the duty and classification one that comes in succession, and it often includes it in it in the meaning of securing mastery of the air for the safety of the ally bomber. You should often interpret as a usage of the word rather than kind name of the fighter as the duty name that uses the fighter for the purpose. The distinction of the military aircraft whole became vague by making the duty of the fighter all-round including the fighter now, and the classification of escort fighter was not done especially. The typical one is P-38, and P-51, etc.
Because guard became difficult in the cruising capacity of a single-engined fighter because of the increase of the cruising range of the bomber for a certain period of time in the age of the [reshipuro] machine, the large-scale machine of the bimotored has been developed as an escort fighter. However, those bimotored machines were more stolid than a small fighter of single-engined, were not able to use for the purpose after all, and to have been used as a fighter at nighttime that many described later.
The one that was installed, was towed to the ally bomber, and was called a parasite fighter (parasitic fighter) who had measured the improvement of the flying ability by the thing that flew to the enemy airspace in escort fighter’s kind existed, too. In the typical one, there is XF-85. This was used as a bomber though there was [zuveno-] assuming that put to practical use.
Fighter-bomber/fighter attacker
Refer to “Fighter-bomber” for details.
The attack to ground and the warship etc. besides a role [dearu] [seikara] duty the fighter original are made a chief Tsutomu. There was no airframe developed for exclusive use in the [reshipuro] machine age, and the state as it is or the small improvement was given to a usual fighter and [**yosoo] [shi] and ground and the warship duty were done.
It becomes a jet age, the ability of the attack to ground and the warship is valued, and the number of fighter-bombers developed by the purpose has increased more than at first. Equipment as a real attack aircraft and bombers such as synthetic aperture radars for the bomb bay and the geomorphologic mapping and the bombing control computers is installed in such a fighter-bomber. In the ground attack, because the load is large only in one person, the crew also makes soldier [yosooayatsu] [tsuku**] besides the control person board it, and is occasionally making it to [**suwa]. Such an airframe also had the case for the ability as a pure fighter to compromise. The example of the representative is F-105 and Su-24, etc.
However, a present fighter-bomber is making them unite the ability as the fighter and the bomber by a high dimension, and such an airframe is [kategoraizu]ed to the multi roll machine that describes it later.
Multi roll machine
Refer to “Multi roll machine” for details.
An economical load was severe with the development of an individual airframe according to the duty because of the rise of development and the cost of manufacturing of the fighter passed the age. The development of the versatility machine that was able to digest a lot of duties with one model as the technology evolved became possible at the same time. Therefore, division like the above-mentioned was integrated, and the versatility machine that was able to accomplish [seikara], the air defense, the ground attack, and all the duties like the scout etc. with one model came to be developed. Having given birth thus is multi roll fighter (Multirole fighter,MRF). It is named a multi duty fighter and a multipurpose fighter.
The fighter that can be clearly called MRF is JAS39 [guripen], and F-35, etc. now. The F-15E strike eagle etc. are treated as a multi roll machine, and a lot when it is [kategoraizu]ed as a fighter-bomber.
However, the one that much obtained the repair type or the scout equipment of an existing fighter few is most from the beginning as the surveillance plane in the example that is developed a special airframe. Most of the fighter is also possible the ground attack and the bombing according to installing the bomb and the rocket and the air-to-ground missile. Therefore, a multi roll machine and a fighter not so cannot be clearly distinguished. It shifted to the existence that was called the fighter a multi roll machine gradually with the development of the technology.
Tactical combat aircraft
Fighter that chiefly does [seikara] duty in the front and attack and bombing duties such as enemy bases and vessels. In the former Soviet Union, it was called that it was the front fighter. It is a thing of fighter not used in “Strategy duty” of bombing to a so-called enemy country city and the factory. In proportion to to the bomber that does the fighter-bomber and the strategic bombing where the cruising range and the amount of installing are insufficient to use it for the strategic bombing, and the air superiority fighter where the cruising range is insufficient : to the mastery of the air securing in the sky of the enemy country. It is called the tactical combat aircraft (Because the thing used for the tactical mission is not impossible even if it is a fighter used for the strategy duty oppositely, not calling is especially usual, “Strategy fighter”). The typical one is F-104, and MiG-21, etc.
Day fighter
Fighter that combats literally only in daytime. The air-to-air combat was done only in daytime after the fighter had appeared and all blocked a fighter was a day fighter. It came to be called the day fighter the fighter’s coming to appear back at nighttime, and distinguishing a past fighter. A low-priced in modern days fighter installed radar, and disappeared though would call a low-priced fighter equipped with radar a day fighter in the fighter when daring to become natural equipped with radar the day fighter. In a word, only an old-fashioned fighter becomes a day fighter. Moreover, the ability of the infrared guided missile improves in modern days, and the day fighter in this meaning has disappeared though this was called a day fighter only because radar can combat in daytime when the fighter that doesn’t have the missile equipment ability of the radar guidance even if it installs it, and can install only the infrared guided missile limits it to the missile combat.
Fighter at nighttime
Refer to “Fighter at nighttime” for details.
It is a fighter that combats at nighttime. When the bomber that acted only in daytime so far had come to bomb at nighttime, it was born in opposition. Therefore, the fighter that guarded the bomber that bombed between the nights in opposition also appeared at first though the ambush machine at nighttime was a fighter at nighttime. It came to combat by being install radar before long at nighttime though it appeared and it combatted at first by putting the crew of 1?2 person such as marksmen excluding the control person at nighttime. Fighters are more stolid than the day fighters at nighttime when crews other than radar and the control person are put though it would be better to be able to combat on the reason in daytime if it is a fighter that can combat at nighttime. Combatting becomes a combat specialty in fact at nighttime because it is difficult ..the other party of the day fighter.. (Assuming that a bimotored and a multi seat fighter that is more stolid and more no use are suitable for the combat at nighttime and having come to be used by the purpose are the cradles of the fighter at nighttime). It disappeared by the thing that developed into the all-weather attack aircraft that described it later.
All-weather attack aircraft
Radar spread rapidly after having concluded World War II. The combat became possible not only nighttime but also under stormy weather of rain and the fogdog because it installed the system mainly composed of Doppler and the meteorological radar as the performance of radar like the development of the Doppler radar etc. improved, too in the fighter at nighttime. Moreover, it disappeared even if it was especially stolid in the comparison with the day fighter, and it came to be able to handle the combat unquestionably in daytime. Such a fighter is called an all-weather attack aircraft. Electronics became a more important technology for the fighter because it came to pursue the target acquisition and the target outside the sight according to the performance of not boarded man but the system. As for this, installing efficient at the same time electronics becomes the cause of the sudden rise of the price of the airframe. However, because the necessity for daring to emphasize “All weathers” is not significant now became most equipment of everything with radar, and the possession of the all-weather combat ability of a fighter active in the first line of the each country air force, “All-weather attack aircraft” is becoming a term in history that talks about a past fighter.
Land fighter
The fighter operated in the land base is a land fighter. Most fighters are words used when it dares to distinguish the water fighter from the carrier-borne fighter who describes it later though hit this by it.
Carrier-borne fighter
The fighter installed in the aircraft carrier is a carrier-borne fighter. The performance demanded by the carrier-borne fighter includes many things extremely because there is a restriction named [hanachakkan] from a narrow aircraft carrier. First of all, the short distance takeoff and landing ability :. Indispensable..but..catapult..Ski Jumping..deck..by the help of.It is a limitation of the size and weight etc. in installing in a strong structure and the aircraft carrier that endures stability in a low-speed flight when landing additionally and the impact at [hanachakkan]. Therefore, it has a considerable handicap compared with the land fighter. It is extremely difficult for it to have the performance more than the equal to a coetaneous land fighter in straightening. However, the carrier-borne fighter who became with a high performance getting over the handicap was widely handled as a land fighter.
Refer to “Carrier-borne fighter” for details.
Water fighter
It is a thing of the taking off and landing fighter as for the water. It is a fighter version of the water machine. It strictly divides into the flying boat (combat flying boat) that supports weight by ..airframe equal with the land-based aircraft.. float by the float seaplane and the hull (airframe) that supports the weight. There was an advantage of the water machine that did not limit it to the slide distance compared with the land-based aircraft that there is a limitation in the slide distance because the high-lift device was undeveloped, and the combat flying boat took an active part at World War I. Technology..development..rather..water..take off and land..float. The performance deterioration by weight and the wind drag comes to stand out remarkably and it has declined. Two expression water fighters of the Sea of Japan army are very few examples used in full scale in the actual combat at World War II.
Practical use was not done as a jet fighter though low SR.A/1 of XF2Y-1 of American naval forces and Britain was made for trial purposes.
